珍珠
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
珍珠ZhenzhuMargaritaPearl
概述 Overview
本品为珍珠贝科动物马氏珍珠贝Pteria martensii（Dunker）、蚌科动物三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii或褶纹冠蚌Cristaria plicata（Leach）等双壳类动物受刺激形成的珍珠。自动物体内取出，洗净，干燥。
Pearl is the pearl formed by the stimulation of bivalve animals such as Pteria martensii (Dunker), Hyriopsis cumingii or Cristaria plicata (Leach) in the family Margaritidae and Unionidae. It is taken out from the animal body, washed and dried.
性状 Description
本品呈类球形、长圆形、卵圆形或棒形，直径1.5～8mm。表面类白色、浅粉红色、浅黄绿色或浅蓝色，半透明，光滑或微有凹凸，具特有的彩色光泽。质坚硬，破碎面显层纹。气微，味淡。
Pearls are spherical, elongated, oval, or rod-shaped, with a diameter of 1.5-8mm. The surface is white, light pink, light yellow-green, or light blue, translucent, smooth or slightly uneven, with a unique iridescent luster. The texture is hard, and the fractured surface shows layered patterns. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.
鉴别 Identification
（1）本品粉末类白色。不规则碎块，半透明，具彩虹样光泽。表面显颗粒性，由数至十数薄层重叠，片层结构排列紧密，可见致密的成层线条或极细密的微波状纹理。本品磨片具同心层纹。
（1）The powder of pearls is white. It is irregular fragments, translucent, and has a rainbow-like luster. The surface shows a granular structure, with several to a dozen thin layers overlapping. The layered structure is arranged tightly, and dense layered lines or extremely fine microwave-like textures can be seen. The polished section of pearls has concentric layers.
（2）取本品粉末，加稀盐酸，即产生大量气泡，滤过，滤液显钙盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
（2）Take the powder of pearls, add dilute hydrochloric acid, and a large number of bubbles will be produced. Filter and the filtrate shows the identification reaction of calcium salt <0301>.
（3）取本品，置紫外光灯（365nm）下观察，显浅蓝紫色或亮黄绿色荧光，通常环周部分较明亮。
（3）Take pearls and observe under ultraviolet light (365nm), showing light blue-purple or bright yellow-green fluorescence, usually with brighter fluorescence in the peripheral part.
检查 Examination
酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash
取本品粉末2g，置炽灼至恒重的坩埚中，炽灼至完全灰化，加入稀盐酸约20m1，照酸不溶性灰分测定法（通则2302）测定，不得过4.0%。
Take 2g of the powder, place it in a crucible that has been ignited to constant weight, ignite it until it is completely ashed, add about 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, and determine the acid-insoluble ash content according to the method for determination of acid-insoluble ash <2302>. It should not be more than 4.0%.
重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements
照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过0.3mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Determine the content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The content of lead should not exceed 5mg/kg; the content of cadmium should not exceed 0.3mg/kg; the content of arsenic should not exceed 2mg/kg; the content of mercury should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the content of copper should not exceed 20mg/kg.
饮片 Prepared slices
珍珠 Pearl
炮制 Processing
洗净，晾干。
Wash and dry.
珍珠粉 Pearl powder
炮制 Processing
取净珍珠，碾细，照水飞法（通则0213）制成最细粉。
Take the pearls, grind them finely, and make the finest powder according to the water fly method <0213>.
性 Property
寒。
Cold.
味 Flavor
甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.
归经 Meridian tropism
归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.
功能 Actions
安神定惊，明目消翳，解毒生肌，润肤祛斑。
To calm the mind and relieve convulsions, improve vision and remove nebula, detoxify and promote tissue regeneration, moisturize the skin and eliminate spots.
主治 Indications
用于惊悸失眠，惊风癫痫，目赤翳障，疮疡不敛，皮肤色斑。
Used for palpitations and insomnia, convulsions and epilepsy, redness and opacity of the eyes, non-healing sores and ulcers, and skin pigmentation.
用量 Dosage
0.1～0.3g。外用适量。
0.1-0.3g. For external use, use an appropriate amount.
用法 Administration
多入丸散用。
Taken orally in pill or powder form.
贮藏 Storage
密闭。
Store in a sealed container.